Paper feed



Nov. 10, 1959 R, FRANKLE TAL 2,912,240

PAPER FEED 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 3l, 1955 loo 104 War/119 @erw :Vf Croma Arrornggs Mfrmss my@ NOV 10, 1959 H. R. FRANKLE ETAL PAPER FEED 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 5l, 1955 N0V 10, 1959 H. R. FRANKLE ET AL 2,912,240

PAPER FEED Filed March 5l, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Wr s b uzz Mu thorn/ege Nov. 10, 1959 H. R. FRANKLE ET AL PAPER FEED 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 3l, 1955 nvent'or Norg @.quranlzle 4 zr/1:3 T rame il) JMW @cu2/U Worn/ggg W1' M1255 ma@ United Sites Qurl invention relates to improvements in automatic atent' paper feeds for use with duplicating machines, printing presses and the like.

One of the major problems in high speed paper feeders is to maintain a consistent feeding of single sheets and to avoid the feeding of more than one sheet at a time. This problem varies inversely relative to the thickness of the paper used .and consequently when thin paper such as that known as onion skin, for example, is used, it has been found that the feeding of more than one sheet at a time is not at all uncommon.

It is therefore one of the important objects of this invention to provide a noval paper feed mechanismY that will consistently feed a single sheet of relatively thin `paper at high rates of speed.

Another object of this invention is to provide a paper tion of stacked sheets in the feed operation. More particularly this is accomplished generally by a vertical stop at the front of the paper receiver or holder and a releasable paper hold down member engageable with the top of the Vstack at the rear portion thereof. A vacuum or suction foot is used to crimp or buckle' the top sheet near the front, move it first rearwardly whereby it will buckle at the rear from contact with the hold down member, and then move it forwardly over the stop where ejection rollers or other means carry it to the proper destination. The buckling of the paper at both front and back eachV serve to separate the sheets and depending upon the thickness of paper, the means for causing the buckling at the two points indicated may be employed individually or together as will later appear.

These and other objects will be apparent t'o those skilled in the art.

Our invention consists in the construction, arrangements, and combination, of the various parts Vof thedevice, whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, specifically pointed' out inl our claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a perspective View illustrating generally a paper feed apparatus to which our invention is applied,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged front elevational view .of this paper feed taken from the line 2 2 of Fig. l,

Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view partially in section of our new feed mechanism and is taken from the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 to show the sucker foot in initial stages of movement as indicated by the solid and broken lines respectively,

Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3 but shows the sucker foot about to release the paper, in solid lines, and the paper also shown in dotted lines after release as moving over the stop,

Figs. 5 and 6 are perspective views respectively of different shaped Vsucker feet,

Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged side elevational views of this feed similar to Figs. 3 and 4 but showing a modified 36 by a belt connection 56`i'n an obvious manner.

. 2 arrangement for the rear paper hold down foot at the rearward portionof the sheet, l

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view illustrating a novel paper hold or bumper means ateach side of the suction foot, and

Figs. l0 and 11 are reduced front elevational views respectively of different types of sucker feet showing the use of the hold down members of Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings the feed apparatus shown generally at 10 in Fig. l is merely illustrative of the cooperative relationship 'of several well known elements in devices of this class and consists of the following parts: A pair of upstanding spaced apart plates or support members 12 and 14 are provided with feet 16 for attachement to a table or the like (not shown) and may have the connecting cross 'member 18 to add rigidity. Disposed between plates 12I and 14 and on a horizontal plane is the open top box-like paper receiver or holder 20 in which is placed a supply of sheets of paper 22. As shown in Fig. l the paper 22j is fed from right to left which will be referred to herein, as the rear'andfront respectively of this device to dene ,therearV and forward edge of the paper to be fed. Resilientpaper retainers or hold down members in the form of spring arms 24 may be secured to the respective inner sides ofplates 12 and 14 to yieldingly engage the top of paper stack 22 if necessary. Likewise, one or more paper hold down rollers 26 (Figs. l'-4) which will latery .be described inl detail may be suitably mounted to engage the rearward portion of sheets 22 and as indicated rotate only counterclockwise to allow for the forward movement of the respective sheets 22.

rBetween the lower forward portionfof plates 12v and 14 and `at the forward end of paper holder 20 there is rotatably disposed a shaft 28 which-carries the lower ejection roller 30. A pair of upper ejection rollers 32 l engage the lower roller 30 asshown in Fig. 2 and are be employed to carry the sheets 22 to a duplicating ma-l chine or the like and may take the form of lingers, grippers or other suitablemeans which are not material to this invention. A suction foot 46 is suspended over the paper 22' and centrally positioned relative to Athe sides thereof and nearthe forward edge. This foot is attached to the lower end of av rigid air tube 48 which at its other end is journalled in a flexible air tube or hose 5). Tube Si? connects to a valve means 52 which in turn is operatively connected to an air pumpy 54 operated by motor Means for opening and closing valve 52 is represented here by lever 58 and will later be described in detail as to its function. Means are also usually employed to raise the floor of paper holder 20 as needed and this is illustrated in Fig. 7 bythe rack and pinion arrangement 60 connected to a motor 62. Thus far described we have merely indicated common elements in paper feeds of the type here involvedV and no invention is claimed' in such parts per se. lt will be appreciated that in feeds-of this kind, a sheet of paper is picked up by the suction foot which carries it into contact with the ejector rollers or the like for movementv into a duplicating machine, printing press or the like. Due to ther problems encountered by the suction foot carrying more than one sheet at a time we 3 have made some novel improvements which we shall now describe.

A supporting plate 64 is vertically disposed between lplates or sides l2 and 14 and is mounted to the cross ymember 1S so that air tube 48 is closely adjacent that side nearest side t4 as shown in Fig. 2. An integral arm 66 projects rearwardly from plate 64 and to the outer end is pivotally secured the support 68 which carries the hold down rollers 26 previously mentioned. Support 68 is so connected to arm 66 that it can be adusted to increase or decrease the pressure against paper 22. A shaft 70 is rotatably arranged between the forward upper portions of plate 64 and side 12 in substantial vertical alignment with roller 30 and projects through side 12 to the outer side where a pulley 72 thereon is engaged by belt 44. On shaft 7i) intermediate pulley 72 and the outer side of member 12 is placed the cam 74 which engages the outer end of lever 58 that operates valve 52, A spring 76 connects lever 5S to plate 12 to normally urge it downwardly and thus lever' 58 is alternately raised and lowered to open and close valve 52 and is synchronized to open and provide suction to foot 46 when it picks up a sheet 22 and to close so as to release the suction when foot 46 reaches a position as will later appear when sheet 22 is to be released.

Y This relative operation between foot 46 and valve 52 is well known in the art but has been described to more clearly understand our invention.

On the same side of plate 64 as air tube 4S we have mounted a crank arm 78 connected at one end to shaft 7) for rotation therewith. To the opposite end of crank arm 7S one end of a connecting rod Si) is pivotally secured and extends therefrom downwardly and rearwardly for connection to a collar 82 which is secured to a disc like plate 84 that in turn is attached to the metal air tube 48. For this purpose tube 48 which is vertically disposed is bent first horizontally and then downwardly as indicated at 86 (Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 8) so that plate 84 can be rigidly secured to tube 48 at two points adjacent the inner side of the corner formed by the bend 86 and it will be understood of course that the particular shape of tube 48 is immaterial so long as it is inadequately supported. In this position plate 84 is adjacent the lower portion of plate 64 in which is formed a curved slot or notch 88 that opens at the bottom of plate 64 and extends upwardly and forwardly as shown. Slot 83 serves as a guide retainer for plate 84 which has the short shaft 90 that extends through this slot to the other side of plate 64 where the washer 92 and cotter pin 94 hold it in position. Thus arranged it is pointed out that when shaft 7@ is rotating crank arm 73 moves as indicated by the arrows and rod 8@ moves plate 84E first slightly rearwardly and thence upwardly and forwardly in a curved path and thence rearwardly and downwardly to its starting point. The starting point is designated by the arrow 96 in Fig. 3 and the entire path of movement is indicated by the arrows and broken line 98 in Fig. 4. In this operation, it will of course be understood that tube 4S being rigidly connected to plate 84 is moved correspondingly since it is connected to the flexible tube 50 land obviously the foot 46 follows a corresponding pat In the longitudinal center of the lower ejection roller 30 a narrow section of the roller is removed to expose shaft 2S, and a stop member 100 is positioned closely adjacent the rear side of such exposed shaft portion and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof so that it projects upwardly to a point higher than the top of the paper supply 22. Stop ld() may be attached in any one of several ways to brackets or the like below the paper receiver 20 and the particular means employed is immaterial. Stop 100 may be rigid in the form of a metal, plastic or wood bar7 but preferably we recommend the use of rubber as will later appear.

Thus constructed and arranged this device as shown in Figs. 1 4 will operate in the following manner. A supply of sheets 22 of paper are placed in paper receiver 2Q where spring arms 24 if they are used and hold down rollers 26 bear against the top sheet. The forward end of the paper stack 22 will abut stop 1% which holds it against forward movement. Motor 36 is started and the suction foot 46 moves continually in the path as previously described and indicated at 98 in Fig. 4. In this movement, valve 52 opens to provide suction or a vacuum when foot 46 is at its lowermost position which is directly over and immediately adjacent the forward end of the top sheet 22. Foot 46 first grasps the forward center portion of the top sheet 22 causing the same to become crimped or buckled intermediate its sides at the forward edge to form the apex 14A- (Fig. 2) which causes the tcp sheet to separate at such apex from the one below and then moves the top sheet 22 over tne sheet below it slightly to the rear where hold down rollers 26 keep the paper from sliding. This causes the paper to buckle at the rear as shown at E106 in Pig. 3 which also causes a separation of the top sheet from the one below. Only a slight rearward movement of foot 46 is required to buckle the paper as described and foot 46 then carries the sheet upwardly and forwardly so that apex N4 in sheet 22 moves over stop ldd. As this occurs, valve 52 will close to stop suction in foot 46 whereby the sheet 22 falls into contact with the ejection rollers 39 and 32 in a well known manner. Foot 46 of course returns to its starting position where Valve 52 opens and the entire cycle described is repeated. In actual practice this feed' has been extremely eicient in feeding but one sheet at time and has operated successfully with onion skin paper at rates of lOGO sheets per hour. It has been observed that by making stop lf3@ of rubber material similar to that in a pencil eraser, for example, the upper tip end provides a certain amount of friction sufficient to hold back a second sheet of paper in the event it may not have been completely separated from the top sheet by the buckling action previously described.

With reference now particularly to Figs. 7 and 8 we show a modified arrangement in place of the hold down rollers 26 in Figs. 3 and 4. Rollers 26 as indicated rotate only counterclockwise and therefore hold sheet 22 against the rearward push by the suction foot 46. Then as footv 46 pulls the paper in a forward direction, rollers 26 are rotated by friction of the paper so that the paper can be withdrawn. This requires a careful adjustment of rol ersI 26 so that only the proper pressure is exerted against the paper and we have found from experience that this type of hold down means requires a good deal of attention to keep it at the proper tension. We have thereforeprovided a friction hold down bar 168 as a modification of the rollers 26. Bar 103 is secured to the outer end of one arm M0 of a bellcrank lf2 which is pivotally secured at its heel to the rear end of arm 66 in plate 64'. Preferably bar 108 is elongated to bear against the top sheet 22 in a direction transversely of the direction of movement of the sheet as it is fed. The upper arm 114 of the bellcrank is positioned to actuate at times a switch IE6 which connects with motor 62. A third arm or toe IIS on the bellcrank extends downwardly where it is engaged by a cam ILZ that moves it forwardly (Fig. S) at times. Thus arranged, cam 'i2-tl is initially out of contact with arm 113 so that foot 3.68 is in a down position by gravity and bears against the paper 22 as the suction foot 46 starts its rearward movement. This causes the paper to buckle as previously described. Then as foot 46 moves in a forwardly direction, cam 120 is set to move arm 118 so that arm 1l@ and bar 108 thereon are elevated whereby all pressure on paper 22 is released and foot 46 can freely pull the sheet forwardly over stop Mtl. As the supply of paper 22 diminishes, the plane of the top sheet is of course lowered so that bar 108 drops lower. This moves upper bellcrank arm 114 forwardly and where it will eyentually actuate Switch 116 so that the Hoor of paper holder 20 is elevated by members 60 and 62. The rise of paper 22 moves the bellcrank 112 accordingly until arm 114 disengages itself from switch 116. This novel arrangement for the automatic operation of bar 108 and switch 116 adds materially to the eciency in operation of this device. While we have illustrated the suction foot 46 and its related parts in Figs. 7 and 8, their operation here is the same as previously described. Foot 46 with the flat face 122 in Fig. 6 may be used in place of foot 46 with the concave face 102 in Fig. 5 although the concave surface aids in forming the apex 104. However, we have provided certain other paper stop or hold down means (Figs. 9-11) which assure the formation of apex 104 and the separation of sheets 22 irrespective of whether the face of suction foot 46 is at or curved. This takes the form of a pair of hold down or bumper members 124 disposed at opposite sides of foot 46 and may take any one of several forms of which one is here illustrated as L-shaped rod members having the respective upstanding arm 126 and horizontal leg 128. Legs 128 are normally spaced above the top sheet of paper 22 so that as the paper is lifted by the suction foot 46 these legs will bear against the top sheet 22 or in other words the top sheet 22 is drawn upwardly into contact with the bumper legs 128 which then become hold down members at the points of contact so that further lifting action on paper 22 by foot 46 results in formation of the apex 104. As shown, legs 128 extend parallel to the direction of movement of foot 46. Arms 126 are each vertically adjustably disposed in one end of a respective bracket arm 130 by set screws 132 which at their other end are slidably arranged on cross member 18 by set screws 134. Thus, each member 124 can be vertically moved toward or away from foot 46 as may be required by the thickness of paper used. It will thus be understood that by properly spacing members 124 the effect of the contact by these legs with the paper is to prevent sheets below the top sheet from being pulled up along with the top sheet. This results in the top sheet being pulled up from between members 124 and causing it to buckle to form apex 104 at such a height that it can be moved by foot 46 over the obstruction or stop 100.

It willbe appreciated that from the foregoing description that our means of separating the sheets 22 by the buckling at 104 and 106 is extremely eicient and novel in paper feeds of this type. Particularly we wish to point out that there are times where for better efficiency both points of buckling are preferable and at other times only one is required. For example, when thin paper is being fed, the hold down members 26 or 108 can be used satisfactorily either alone or with members 124. Other well known means such as air pressure can be used to separate the sheets at the front which will be satisfactory since the primary means for separating the sheets is accomplished by the buckling at 6 which itself is a decided innovation in feeds of this class. Likewise, suction foot 46 has proved extremely eicient even` when used without the buckling action at 106 and itis thus possible to use foot 46 without a rearward movement although the combination of the buckling at both 104 and 106 as described assures practically a foolproof operal tion. When foot 46 is used, however, without reference 1 to buckling at 106 it is pointed out that there is usually a certain inherent resistance in the paper 22 to being buckled out of shape so that when suction through foot 46 is applied to the paper, the weight of the paper at the sides of the point of suction can be suilcient to resist elevation whereby apex 104 is formed. If the paper 22 on theother hand does not have suflicient weight for this, bumper members 124 are used as described with the result that no apex'is formed below the top sheet where apex 104 appears. Thus, the top sheet because of apex 104 can clear the obstruction 100 and obviously the sheets below are held back by the obstruction;

On heavier paper, 'we wish to point out that rollers 26, ba-r 108 or the like can be eliminated and means to effect the buckling at 104 as describedto move the paper over an obstruction will satisfactorily eliminate the problem of multiple feeding atvone time.

We would also like to point out that while we illustrate ourfeed as taking paper off a horizontal plane,-

experience has established that in feeding cards, forexample, they may be stacked vertically in a row and by tilting the suction fot 46 about 90 degrees, the Vsame operation as described above is possible. Also in this respect it should be mentioned that some feeds are designed to feed paper from the bottom of the stack rather than from the top as illustrated here and in such case our feed mechanism can be inverted so that th'e bottom sheet is pulled down, below and past the obstruction 100 by the s'ame operation described above including the buckling to assure separation' of the sheets. I

It is submitted that the 'invention shownand described is aptly suited to achieve the purposes intended and is characterized by a combination of highly useful and mutually cooperating elements that combine their respective and proportionate functions in accomplishing the objects sought to be obtained.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of our paper feed without departing from the real spirit and purpose of our invention, and it is our intention to cover by our claims, any modified forms of s-tructure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

We claim:

1. A paper feed apparatus, comprising, ay support member, a holder secured thereto forretaining a supply of sheets of paper,` a`vacuum or'suction producing mechanism mounted to said support member, a suction foot movablyv connected to said suction mechanism and disposed over the paper in said holder, said suction foot provided with a concave pick up surface for forming an apex in the sheet of paper when picked up, a hold down member, means attached to said support member for' yieldingly holding it against-the paper and spaced rearwardly from saidsuction foot, means on said support member operatively connected to said suction foot for moving it closely adjacent the top sheet of the paper so as to grasp the same up by suction,then moving said top sheet over the sheet below toward the hold down member which causes said top sheet to buckle and separate from the sheet below and then moving it away from said hold down member, valve means associated with said last mentioned means and said suction producing mechanism to open when said suction foot is in position to pickup the paper and to close when the suction foot moves away from the hold down member so the paper is released, and means tofcarry` the released sheet into whatever device this paper feed is used with.

2.y A paper feed apparatus, comprising, a support member,l a holder secured thereto for retaining a supply of sheets of paper, avertically disposed stop member at one end. of said holder, a vacuum or suction producing mechanism mounted to said support member, a suction foot movably connected to said suction mechanism and disposed over the paper in said holder, said suction foot provided with a concave pick up surface for forming an apex in the sheet of paper when picked up, a hold down member, meansvattached to said support member for yieldingly holding it against the paper and spaced rearwardly from said suction foot, means on said support member operatively connected to said suction foot for moving it closely adjacent the top sheet of the paper so as to grasp the same up by suction, then moving said top sheet over the sheet below toward the hold down member which causes said top sheet `to vbuckle and separate from the sheet below and then moving it away from said hold down member so that the apex formed in said paper moves over said stop .member, valve means associated With said last mentioned means and said suction producing mechanism to open when said suction foot is in position to pick up the paper and to close when the suction foot moves over said stop member so the paper is released, and means to carry the released sheet into whatever device this paper feed is used with.

3. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a sheet of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, a pair of bumper members oppositely disposed relative to said suction foot, means on said paper feed apparatus to normally hold said bumper members in spaced relationship with the top sheet of paper whereby when said paper is picked up by the suction foot it will bear against the bumper members and an apex in the paper will develop at the point of suction due to the resistance by the bumper members against the paper at the sides thereof and thereby effectively separate the top sheet from the one below.

4. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a sheet of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, an obstruction on said paper feed apparatus in the path of movement of the paper to be fed, a pair of bumper members oppositely disposed relative to said suction foot, means on said paper feed apparatus to normally hold said bumper members in spaced relationship with the top sheet of paper whereby when said paper is picked up by the suction foot it will bear against the bumper members and an apex in the paper in alignment with said obstruction will develop at the point of suction due to the resistance by the bumper members against the paper at the sides thereof and thereby effectively separate the top sheet from the one below, and means for moving said suction foot for carrying said apex over said obstruction.

5. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a sheet of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, a pair of paper bumper members, means on said paper feed apparatus supporting said paper bumper member at opposite sides respectively of the suction foot, means for selectively moving each paper bumper member toward and away from said suction foot, means on said paper feed apparatus to normally hold said bumper members in spaced relationship with the top sheet of paper whereby when said paper is picked up by the suction foot it will bear against `the bumper members and an apex in the paper will develop at the point of suction due to the resistance by the bumper members against the paper at the sides thereof and thereby effectively separate the top sheet from the one below.

6. ln combination `with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a sheet of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, a pair of paper bumper members, means on said paper feed apparatus supporting said paper bumper member at opposite sides respectively of the suction foot, means for selectively moving each paper bumper member toward and away from said suction foot, means on said paper feed apparatus to normally hold said bumper members in spaced relationship with the top sheet of paper whereby when said paper is picked up by the suction foot it will bear against the bumper members and an apex in the paper willvdevelop at the point of suction due to the resistance by the bumper members against the paper at the sides thereof and thereby eectively separate the top sheet from the one below, a paper hold down member, means on said apparatus to hold said paper hold down member in spaced relation to said suction foot and tothe rear thereof relative to the direction of movement of the sheet of paper, and means for moving said suction foot after it has picked up a sheet of paper between said pair of bumper members toward said hold down member to cause said sheet to buckle and separate from the one below.

7. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a paper pickup member for taking paper from a stack and moving it to a designated position, an impr ed mea o assure separation of the sheets of paper as they are ed up, comprising, a pair of bumper members oppositely disposed relative to said pickup member and normally spaced above the top sheet of paper in said stack, means imparting motion to said pickup member whereby the sheet picked up strikes said bumper members to form a buckle in said sheet, vertical adjustment means for selectively varying the spaced relationship between said bumper members and said stack, and lateral adjustment means to selectively vary the distance between said bumper members and said pickup member.

8. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a paper pickup member for taking paper from a stack and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets of paper as they are picked up, comprising, a pair of bumper members oppositely disposed relative to said pickup member and normally spaced above the top sheet of paper in said stack, means imparting motion to said pickup member whereby the sheet picked up strikes said bumper members to form a buckle in said sheet, vertical adjustment means for selectively varying the spaced relationship between said bumper members and said stack, and lateral adjustment means to selectively and individually vary the distance between said bumper members and said pickup member.

9. ln combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a sheet of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, a pair of side hold down members oppositely disposed relative to said suction foot, means on said paper feed apparatus to normally hold said hold down members in spaced relationship with the top sheet of paper, a third paper hold down member intermediate the first two and spaced rearwardly from said suction footA relative to the direction of movement of the paper, means imparting motion to said suction foot whereby it carries a sheet of paper into contact withsaid side hold down members tc form a buckle in said paper, then rearwardly toward said third hold down member which causes said sheet to form a second buckle so that the effect of all hold down members is to effectively separate the top sheet from those below, said buckles having a respective axis transversely of the other, and said suction foot then carrying said paper to ywhatever device is to receive it.

l0. A device as defined in claim 9 characterized by vertical adjustment means for varying the spaced relationship between said side hold down members and the paper, and lateral adjustment means to selectively vary the spacing between said side hold down members and said suction foot.

ll. In combination with a paper feed apparatus of the type having a suction foot for picking up a top sheet from a stack of paper and moving it to a designated position, an improved means to assure separation of the sheets as they are picked up, comprising, a paper hold down member spaced rearwardly from said suction foot relative to the direction of movement of the paper, means imparting motion to said suction foot whereby it carries the top sheet from said stack cf paper first rearwardly over the sheet below toward said hold downy member which causes said top Sheet to form a buckle to. effectively separate the same from the one below and then forwardly to whatever device is to receive it.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 Kneeland Sept. 15, 1885 Dexter Dec. 12, 1917 Harrold Aug. 13, 191s Blaine May 18, 1926 10 l0 Waterworth Nov. 2, 1926 Waterworth Ian. 17, 1928 Huck Dec. 5, 1935 Jirousek Jne 11, 1940 Jirousek May 26, v1942 Sinkovitz Mar. 27, 1945 Bamber Apr. 7, 1953 Rowell Dec. 28, 1954 

